Tinjauan Literatur Pengurungan Plasma Secara Magnetik Dalam Sistem Tokamak
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35895/rf.v6i2.93Abstrak
Kebutuhan global akan sumber energi bersih dan berkelanjutan mendorong pengembangan teknologi alternatif yang mampu menggantikan ketergantungan pada bahan bakar fosil. Salah satu kandidat paling menjanjikan adalah energi fusi nuklir, khususnya melalui sistem tokamak yang memanfaatkan pengurungan magnetik untuk mempertahankan plasma bersuhu tinggi. Makalah ini meninjau secara komprehensif dasar fisika pengurungan plasma dalam konfigurasi toroidal aksisimetris, mencakup dinamika partikel tunggal, teori guiding-center dan gyrokinetik, serta peran partikel terperangkap dan melintas dalam menentukan transport neoklasik. Selain itu, dibahas pula proses transport dan turbulensi yang menjadi keterbatasan utama kinerja tokamak, termasuk kontribusi drift-wave dan aliran zonal terhadap kehilangan energi. Dari perspektif makroskopik, kesetimbangan dan stabilitas magnetohidrodinamika dianalisis melalui parameter seperti faktor keamanan dan prinsip energi. Interaksi gelombang-partikel, termasuk peredaman Landau dan resonansi siklotron, juga dikaji sebagai mekanisme penting dalam pemanasan plasma dan pembangkitan arus non-induktif. Melalui integrasi berbagai skala fenomena, dari mikroskopik hingga makroskopik, kajian ini menegaskan bahwa pemahaman menyeluruh terhadap fisika plasma merupakan kunci dalam mengoptimalkan performa tokamak dan mewujudkan energi fusi sebagai solusi energi masa depan.
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